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ADR/Ombudsman & Regulatory Redress
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Essentials – clear and brief
Representative actions are a type of collective action where claimants are represented by an organisation/body. Those organisations can be in principle private or public. The objective of a representative action is to clarify questions regarding the breach of law and redress. More specifically, the European Commission defines it as “an action for the protection of the collective interests of consumers to which the consumers concerned are not parties”.
The European Commission published a proposed Directive on Representative Actions in April 2018, as part of its New Deal for Consumers Package. This regulatory package also comprises the Directive on better enforcement and modernisation of EU consumer protection rules known as Omnibus Proposal, for which an agreement was reached in April 2019.
One of the main objectives of the European Commission is to allow each and every EU citizen to have compensatory collective redress tools at national level. The European Commission originally identified nine Member States which did not provide such mechanisms (Estonia, Czech Republic, Ireland, Latvia, Cyprus, Greece, Hungary, Luxembourg and, Slovakia).
By introducing the representative actions’ proposal, the European Commission proposed to enlarge the scope of the former Injunction Directive by including a redress part. The suggested text couples injunction proceedings - which order specific action or cessation of action - with collective redress proceedings.
The current representative actions approach of the EU, however, should take into consideration the following points outlined by expert analysis and independent academic research:
On 22nd of June 2020, the European Parliament and the Council reached an agreement during the 4th trilogue. COREPER adopted the result on 30th of June.
On 24th November 2020 the European Parliament formally approved the Directive on Representative Actions.
On 4th December 2020, the final text was published in the Official Journal of the European Union.
The Directive entered into force on 24th December 2020. Member States had until 25 June 2023 to transpose the Directive. Only some countries have met this deadline so far. We therefore assume that the transposition procedure will take until end of 2023 to be finalized in all 27 EU Member States.